Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic essayEssay Writing Service

Any adequately cutting edge innovation is unclear from enchantment essayEssay Writing Service Any adequately trend setting innovation is vague from enchantment exposition Any adequately cutting edge innovation is vague from enchantment essayThis citation is one of the well known Clarke’s three laws and showed up in his article Hazards of Prophecy: The Failure of Imagination, in Profiles of the Future. I’ve picked this statement since I think it is fascinating. It lets us consider a great deal of things. As the innovation changes so quickly today, an ever increasing number of creations go to our life. For instance, we can talk with individuals from wherever on the planet through the Internet. We can go out on the town to shop on the web. We can watch 3D motion pictures in the film. At the point when this innovative development had quite recently showed up individuals were totally flabbergasted by it. Because of the fast advancement of innovation, there will be an ever increasing number of surprising creations later on. These creations might be astounding and appear something magic.When I started structuring this banner the primary thing I considered was the typeface. Clarke’s paper was written in 1962, so I attempted to discover a few typefaces which didn't look excessively present day. At the point when we consolidate two typefaces the difference is significant  and that is the reason I didn’t pick two comparable typefaces. I attempted some various matches and I trust they look consonant. At that point I pondered the picture at the foundation. I requested that one companion remain with her hands open and made a pleasant picture. Next, I put a picture of precious stone ball in the hands utilizing advancements of Photoshop. It is notable that a precious stone ball is one of the images of enchantment. In this way, this picture represents the enchantment. At that point I utilized the image with programming language as the foundation. This is a brilliant case of the cutting edge innovation. What's more, I additionally utilized a picture with beautiful spots. I put this picture with the dabs over the pr ecious stone ball †the thought was to copy enchantment shimmers which are originating from the gem ball. The importance of this part is emblematic. These specks represent every single beneficial thing, for example, accommodation, thriving, and satisfaction, which current methods for innovation bring us. I changed the mode and the mistiness all things considered so they would orchestrate with one another. At long last, I chose my preferred blend of typefaces and added them to the banner. I utilized the white shading in the typefaces since white appears to be prominent on the dull foundation and it is simpler to understand it and see the data.

Best Jet airline Financials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best Jet carrier Financials - Essay Example The tempting bundles will give the understudy agents inspiration to guarantee that the smaller than usual occasions on are ends of the week to guarantee high income assortment. It’s expected that the expense of the flights won't prevent the understudies from utilizing the carrier. It’s accepted that the relationship with British aviation routes will rebrand the aircraft and draw in a greater amount of the understudies who are utilized to the British Airways. The administrations offered will be sufficient to support a flood of understudies and that the studenst will head out on reliable footing to guarantee significant yields. The arrangements all over Europe will draw the understudies to guarantee that they can venture out to territories they have not voyage expanding the quantity of voyaging people and higher income. The proposal of the aircraft to give understudies employments will build the business volume since the understudies will sell the items among themselves. These motivating forces will pull in more understudies to come and utilize the aircraft thus higher

The Ultimate Guide to Startup Sales Tools

The Ultimate Guide to Startup Sales Tools Here’s a hard fact: not all startups succeed. In fact, 9 out of 10 startups fail, and that is mostly blamed on their inability to generate enough sales. Or, as some experts point out, there is enough sales, but they are undervalued, which basically means that the startup is still not generating the level of sales it needs to sustain itself and be successful.Some say that there are people meant to be in sales, and they are likely to own that one out of the 10 startups that actually succeeded. What they don’t know is that that single successful startup may have used tools and other resources to ensure that it values its sales properly. These tools include startup sales tools. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, you can gain insights about those startup sales tools. We will explore 1) an overview on startup sales tools, 2) startup sales tools before sales, 3) during sales, and 4) after sales.OVERVIEW ON STARTUP SALES TOOLSYou might think that, as long as you have the drive, determination and initiative to go out there and reach out to your customers, the sales will simply come in. It is not as simple or as easy as that. The entire sales process can be quite complicated, especially for those who are just starting out. But not all hope is gone, since there are sales tools that can be utilized. Lucky for startups, there are sales tools that are specifically designed for their use. It’s just a matter of identifying what those tools are and how they will be effectively employed in the business operations.We can classify startup sales tools according to their application, or the point in the business cycle when they will be used, into three cat egories:Before Sales or Pre-Sales tools are those that are geared towards helping with lead generation and sales and market intelligence.During Sales tools are used to aid the members of the sales team in their collaboration, how they deliver sales pitches, and eventually close a sale.After Sales or Post-Sales tools refer to the tools that are designed primarily for customer engagement and the cultivation of customer loyalty.In the following discussion, we will be looking at the top startup sales tools that fall under the above categories.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" BEFORE SALESCustomer Relationship Management (CRM) toolsBefore you can expect to generate sales, you first have to address the issue on “who” will be buying your products: your customers. You have to find out who your customers are, establish a connection with them, and manage your relationship. This is where the CRM tools come in.Salesforce: This enterprise cloud-computing provider offers the utilization of its social a nd mobile cloud technologies to allow startups to connect with its customers. This tool allows a lot of room for customization, so startups can configure it to suit their particular needs. It is also flexible, since it is compatible with other product “Clouds”, as well as offering easy integration with other marketing and sales software. The main downside is that it can be quite expensive, with its Enterprise account charging $125 monthly.Zoho CRM: With this tool, startups will have a “complete customer relationship lifecycle management solution”, which covers the business’ inventory, sales, marketing and customer support systems. It is considered by many to be within affordable range and very user-friendly, doing away with the usual hoops and loops to put it in place. However, this simplicity makes it appear too basic and not as in-depth as many wanted or expected.Predictive Sales toolsTwo startups manage to identify a potential customer group. However, one startup is abl e to win more customers than the other, and the disparity between the number of deals they closed was also very high. What made that startup succeed where the other didn’t? The use of predictive sales tools.Infer: The strength of Infer is in how it offers rich profiles for leads and makes use of data science in order to identify which leads have the highest potential for conversion. It also provides measurement results rapidly, so there is no need to wait for months on end for results. Infer is also known for its excellent customer service, which is something every startup will definitely find appealing.Fliptop: The main function of Fliptop is the aggregation of social data and public web, and its leveraging data science for sales generation. It offers predictive lead scoring so you know which leads are worth paying attention to. Its campaign optimization feature also allows real-time monitoring of your campaigns. It’s easy to set up and navigate, although startups would have to work with the Fliptop team for a bit to fully implement it. Linkedin just bought Fliptop.Lead Generation and Intelligence toolsMarketing and sales teams are tasked to perform lead generation activities, and this requires a lot of close attention. So you were able to generate leads; what next? You have to look into these leads and analyze them so you can get more useful information for your sales strategy.With the help of the following tools, they will have a relatively easier time of it.ZoomInfo: If you want a comprehensive source of business data and information on companies, organizations and people all over the world, your best bet is the large database of ZoomInfo. The profiles it provides are detailed and updated, giving you all the information you want and need. Even the Search feature is very precise, so you won’t have to “wander around” aimlessly.Datanyze: Datanyze pays attention on the websites used by businesses and companies, particularly on the technologies that a re being used. This tool allows startups to track websites, retrieve updated information on companies and businesses and their websites, and build a customized predictive model for leads and prospects. Unfortunately, it has still yet to be designed for integration with other outbound sales and marketing platforms.Social Sales Utilization toolsSocial media has certainly been instrumental in many businesses, particularly their sales strategies. Here are tools that will maximize your startup’s online presence, discover leads, and generate sales.TrackMaven: Using this tool will give startups a universal feed where they can access multiple marketing and social channels, such as Facebook, Twitter, Google+, Instagram, YouTube, Tumblr, Pinterest, and email, among others. You can filter the content that will appear on your feed and customize the reports you want to see. TrackMaven is greatly commended for providing competitive and reliable data in real time.Socedo: Keywords have always pla yed a crucial role in internet marketing, and that is what Socedo zeroes in on. It equips startups with contacts lists that are derived from keywords submitted by users, as well as a list and ranking of prospects for lead optimization. Unfortunately, this does not have a free version, which can be disappointing to startups that prefer testing it out first before dishing out money for the full or pro version.Strategic Marketing-Sales Collaboration toolsThe sales team and the marketing team have to work together, so they have to make sure that their respective strategies are aligned with each other.FullCircle: Startups will be able to perform funnel analysis, where they can see metrics in a single place. With its Response Lifecycle Management feature, each and every response generated will be analyzed and managed, and you will also get accurate campaign ROI. Although it is quite expensive, users find it very easy to use, especially with other marketing automation software.Influitive: Campaign management, marketing management and advocate segmentation are simply some of the benefits of Influitive. It provides startups an effective and efficient communication system for advocate segmentation and management. It boasts a superior customer support, although it needs improvement when it comes to its mobile interface.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" DURING SALESPhone Brigade / Calling toolsGetting in touch on a personal level remains to be the best way to engage customers. Conduct a conversation with them, and you have more likelihood of turning them into buying customers. Calling them with the following tools will help you generate higher instances of meaningful conversations with customers.BlitzFlow: Startups often do not have enough money to spend on a lot of sales representatives. BlitzFlow aims to fill that void by assisting sales reps, allowing them to maximize their workflow without the need to add more people. Its features include call queueing (cutting down call hold a nd waiting times), sending emails (to make way for multi-tasking), and customizing the calling dashboard to filter only the vital information required (to cut back on inefficiencies and delays).InsideSales PowerDialer: This tool’s sales acceleration technology allows users to filter through records and sort them in order to find the best prospects. Aside from list prioritization, it offers a load of other useful features, including one-click dialing, call routing, and pre-recorded voice messaging. It utilized a click-to-call format, and allows automatic syncing for those who are also using SalesForce.Email facilitiesEmail intelligence is an integral part of online marketing, and startups should also take advantage of the tools available to them.LiveHive: If you are having problems with emails going unanswered, LiveHive is the ideal troubleshooter for that. It helps in the generation of new leads and actively tracks content y offering real-time alerts and notifications with respect to page views and email readouts. It also enhances a startups sales planning process by providing regular forecasts. The interface could do with some minor improvements, but it is still very easy to use and implement, which makes it a favorite among startups.FullContact: When getting in touch with customers during sales, you have to make sure you are fully involved. FullContact ensures that you are fully connected with customers and other relevant contacts. It allows users to manage all contacts (keeping them updated, in real-time) in one place. It also has the advantage of being self-correcting, avoiding misspellings, duplications and redundancies in the contacts and details list.Content Sharing toolsOnce you get in touch with customers and the sales process is underway, you have to deliver necessary information to them. These tools are your best bets:DocSend: When you use DocSend, you can track who is viewing the content that you are sharing and even the length of time that they are viewed by certain users. In some tools, the sender loses control after the document has been shared. In DocSend, the control remains in the hands of the sharer, and he or she can change the permissions of the other viewers or users. The only disadvantage is that the startup should choose the Enterprise plan in order for it to be integrated with SalesForce and the company’s telephone support.ClearSlide: In this tool, visibility and analytics are updated and available in real time. This allows the startup to have more and closer interactions with its customers and other members of the team. ClearSlide also had audio and HD video features for higher quality of communication. It might take a while for users to get used to the interface but once they do, working with it will be a breeze.Mobile Connection toolsThanks to mobile technology, staying in touch with your customers is made easier and more convenient. Engage with your customers using the following tools:Clari: When it comes to mobile-first platforms, Clari is one of the pioneers. It arms users with data science that will enable them to perform in-depth sales analysis. Risk management is also enforced, since it provides CRM updates, as well as lets you track your progress. Those data entry tasks that used to take a lot of time will now be performed quickly due to automation by Clari.Roambi: You can now turn any mobile data into a content or information that can be easily visualized and used for analytics and forecasting purposes. It is versatile in the sense that it can work with any data source, so there is no need to go through conversions of data just for Roambi to accept it for processing. The disadvantage, however, is that it only works for Apple products, which easily pushes Android users out of the picture.Custom Contract toolsFinalizing sales often involve the creation of contracts as well as the drawing up of proposals for continuing partnerships or relationships. Fortunately, it is now easier to customize contracts to suit your business goals and objectives.Handshake: Gone are the days when contracts and agreements have to be written by hand, or typed on manual devices. This application sets up an order management central, where all orders are stored for review and confirmation. Even customer information are included in the system, and you can sync all information with other business systems. Again, when it comes to mobile use, it is only available for Apple products.DocuSign: You no longer have to personally hunt down the other signatories of the contract or proposal, because they can electronically affix their signatures using DocuSign’s facilities. It also has the capacity to handle multiple recipients of the contracts.STARTUP SALES TOOLS â€" AFTER SALESSales Operations toolsThe closing of a sale is not the end of the sales transaction. There is also the post-sales stage to consider. Businesses take this opportunity to get feedback so it can improve its business pr ocesses related to sales.InsightSquared: It gets easier to come up with a comprehensive set of reports, and it doesn’t have to take weeks or months, either. In mere days, sales reports are made available for analysis and forecasting. A sales dashboard will help simplify things, and it can be customized depending on the sales operations of the startup.CallidusCloud: The unique feature of this software is its Sales and Channel Enablement tool, which sets up a central content repository, where all information related to the sales of the startup are stored, organized and managed. Collaboration among sales representatives is also facilitated, so they can share whatever post-sales insights they may have that can potentially improve the company’s sales processes.Coaching and Incentives toolsSales representatives are the driving force of the sales process. Without them, there is no chance of a deal being closed. Therefore, it is a good idea for startups to have its own programs geared t owards coaching of its sales reps, and providing incentives and giving credit when and where it is due.Rivalry: You need to have a complete documentation on all matters relating to your sales representatives and their selling activities. This is where Rivalry works best, since it provides a platform for documentation, viewing of rankings and performance evaluations as well as putting up a live leaderboard. If you have coaching plans you need to distribute to your sales reps, you can do that through Rivalry. This is a good fit with SalesForce, since syncing is automatic.LevelEleven: Keeping track of all the members of your sales team is one way to ensure that their performance is always up to par. With LevelEleven, you have a way to provide your sales team with a way to track their own performance, via analytics, metrics and peer-to-peer comparisons. It also gives alerts and notifications when even one member of the team is lagging in terms of sales performance. It is, however, very expensive.Chat capabilities toolsContinue communicating with customers to find out what they think about doing business with you, whether it has something to do with your product, or the way you delivered the products or the service. Chat is one of these feedback mechanisms that you can use.Olark: This chat facility has the Targeted Chat feature, which allows the business to accept feedback only from recognized customers (for example, those who are verified buyers). It is also designed for customer relationship management, which is why it can be integrated easily with other CRM applications such as SalesForce, HighRise and even Desk.com.SaleMove: Every visitor to your website can be tracked â€" i.e. the pages he visits, the products he clicks or views, the duration of his visit for each page â€" with the help of SaleMove. In fact, it has been said that it can track even faster than Google’s Analytics, which is already fast. It also comes with an audio/video chat facility and it is embedded directly on the website, doing away with the need to download or install anything.Pricing optimization toolsStudying your pricing should be a continuous process. While you have already performed price-setting beforehand, there is a need to always keep track of possible circumstances that can potentially increase or decrease the price you have originally set.Vendavo: The price-setting process requires a lot of data and information to be analyzed. With Vendavo, you get all that data in real-time, compiled systematically for you to retrieve later when you have to review your pricing decisions. Price changes can be tracked and adjustments may be made immediately. The dashboard is very clean, so working with it is painless, and the analytics returned are in-depth and highly reliable, giving you more confidence in your pricing decisions.Zilliant: What-if situations give rise of questions on whether you priced a product right or not. With zilliant, startups will have a pricing gu idance that is designed to address various scenarios and circumstances. It also helps startups in their pricing decisions with its Predictive Price Optimization Model.Customer Success toolsCustomer success management is essential if you want to build a loyal customer base comprised of repetitive buyers or purchasers of your product or service.Gainsight: Sponsor tracking, NPS surveys, real-time data capture, and storage of quantitative and qualitative customer data. These are only a few of the many benefits that may be obtained when using the Gainsight tools. There are requests for the software to incorporate a Search feature, and once it is in place, there is no doubt that this is one tool that every startup should have.Totango: Profiling of customers does not end when a deal is closed. In fact, it is more important than ever that you stay abreast of any updates or information about your customers. Totango retrieves data from multiple system sources, so the profiles are more compreh ensive and complete. Although this system is designed with larger enterprises in mind, small to medium businesses and startups should not have any problems applying it as well. Here is an interview with Totangos founder.Customer Engagement toolsHow do you ensure that you continue engaging with your customers as well as other partners? Keep in touch with them. And use the following tools:Skilljar: With this tool, the business can come up with multimedia courses, using audio, video, PDF and other document files. Designing a course can be tricky, but with the help of Skilljar, it becomes relatively easier. You will be able to develop engaging trainings and courses while tracking detailed analytics as it is integrated with other systems.Intercom: This tool, which is primarily designed for web businesses, offers a filtering function that divides users into segments, depending on their goals. The four programs available in this toll are Acquire (which lets users talk to visitors into beco ming customers, directly on their website), Engage (which talks new registrants to the website to become active in investing or buying), Learn (which derives product feedback from verified customers), and Support (which helps streamline the way support is provided by the company to the customers).Many of the tools mentioned are relatively new, and so are still relatively unfamiliar to many users. However, with the wealth of features and functionalities that they offer, they are bound to be widely-used in the near future, especially by startups and small businesses.

Decision Making The Rational Planning Model - 969 Words

The process of decision-making, and the models used during this process, has long been a focus in the field of Urban Planning. Part of this focus has been a discussion regarding which decision-making model is best suited for this profession. One often employed but highly controversial model for decision-making found in this field is the rational planning model. This model, which was first adopted by planners in the 1950’s and 1960’s, focuses on addressing the problems of cities and their inhabitants through a series of comprehensive and rational steps. This multi-step model assumes that following a sequence of interdependent steps will result in finding the best possible solutions for any proposed problems. Within the field of urban planning this model of decision-making is most often applied to the creation of comprehensive master plans, and it often begins with first establishing a vision for the city and creating a set of goals, in order to reach this ideal vision. This first step also includes working to identify, comprehend, and define problems that should be addressed within the master plan. One important aspect of this entire decision making process is ensuring a variety of voices are heard, so that decision makers have a shared understanding of any problems facing potential stakeholders of this process, and so that they can work towards implementing common goals. The next step of the rational planning model involves gathering information and developing a set ofShow MoreRelatedRationality Vs. Rational Rationality1257 Words   |  6 PagesRationality, a vague term that is heavily used in classic economic theory as well as planning theory, represents a ‘virtue’ that m aximize the utility. There are basically two types of rationality, one is pure rationality, the other one is pragmatic rationality. The pure rationality, often called objective rationality, however, is an unreachable, ideal status that requires perfect knowledge.(Brooks 2002) The pragmatic rationality, which as its name implies, leans more toward daily use. To achieveRead MoreThe Decision Making Of An Organization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Decision making Continuum- One of the manager’s most important jobs is to determine the outcome for a task. He has to decide on goals and provide assignments for employees to complete. However, it is just as important for the manager to be clear about how decisions related to these goals will be made. In leadership and management theory, decision making power can be examined using a visual model called the decision making continuum or the Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum. This model shows howRead MoreThe Decision Making Of An Organization1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe Decision making Continuum- One of the manager’s most important jobs is to determine the outcome for a task. He has to decide on goals and provide assignments for employees to complete. However, it is just as important for the manager to be clear about how decisions related to these goals will be made. In leadership and management theory, decision making power can be examined using a visual model called the decision making continuum or the Tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum. This model shows howRead MoreDecision Making Of A Bse Veterinary Service846 Words   |  4 PagesDecision Making Companies all over the world are faced with decision daily. Some decisions are small in nature with minimal effects on the company or its employees. While other decisions have a tremendous effect on the entire company. This paper will provide a detailed description of the top three ways to make decisions, such as the rational model, the organizational process model, and the collaborative model. Also, provide some techniques for making decisions. 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Mba1167 Words   |  5 Pages Decision-making Style Summary Snehapriya Bharatha MBA 505: Foundations of Management Dr. Frear January, 23, 2017 Decision-making Style Summary: Detailed understanding of the identified problems and collaborative determination of the solution is decision-making. Successful accomplishment of this task requires applying multiple steps which assist individuals to make exceptional decisions. One’s decision-making model might be different than others because there are four known decision-makingRead MoreUsing Tools For Decision Making1447 Words   |  6 PagesUsing Tools for Decision Making Organizations and its employees have to make decisions on a daily basis. Regardless of the organizational level - from the CEO to the receptionist – at some point in their careers most employees are faced with an organizational or personal dilemma. Whether the situation is personal or professional, individuals should first identify the root cause of the dilemma as part of the decision-making process; verify the real problem before attempting to generate a solutionRead MoreThe Long Term Performance And Operational Success Of A Firm1691 Words   |  7 Pagesanother important concept explained in the chapter with respect to an example using the struggling retailer, Sears. Sears succumbed to the lack of innovation, which shows that if a firm stands still, it will be run over by the competition. Strategic planning and innovation should go hand in hand, because innovation is the machine that generates business opportunities in the market and its implementation drives businesses to be remarkable. Theories of organizational adaptation is another important concept

Alzheimer s Disease A Progressive Disease - 1663 Words

Posted by FANCY KELLEY At 01/31/16 15:06 Alzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other important mental functions. At first, someone with Alzheimer s disease may notice mild confusion and difficulty remembering. Eventually, people with the disease may even forget important people in their lives and undergo dramatic personality changes. Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause of dementia — a group of brain disorders that cause the loss of intellectual and social skills. In Alzheimer s disease, the brain cells degenerate and die, causing a steady decline in memory and mental function. Current Alzheimer s disease medications and management strategies may temporarily improve symptoms. This can sometimes help people with Alzheimer s disease maximize function and maintain independence for a little while longer. But because there s no cure for Alzheimer s disease, it s important to seek supportive services and tap into your support network as early as possible. At first, increasing forgetf ulness or mild confusion may be the only symptoms of Alzheimer s disease that you notice. But over time, the disease robs you of more of your memory, especially recent memories. The rate at which symptoms worsen varies from person to person. Brain changes associated with Alzheimer s disease lead to growing trouble with: Memory People with Alzheimer s may: †¢Repeat statements and questions over and over, not realizing that they ve asked theShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Disease925 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer s disease is a progressive disease that destroys memory and other vital mental functions. Alzheimer s disease is the most common cause of dementia, a group of brain disorders that cause the loss of intellectual and social skills. 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There are three brain abnormalities that are the hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease is initially caused by plaques buildup in the brain’s neurons as illustrated in figure 1. The support structure that allows the flow of the nutrients through the neurons gets damaged and ultimately there is loss of connection among the neurons and they die off (National Institute of Health,Read MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Progressive Degenerative Disease Of The Brain981 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that gradually destroys brain cells, affecting a person’s memory and their ability to learn, make judgments, communicate and carry out basic daily activities. The disease is a progressive degenerative disease of the brain. It was first described by the German neuropathologist Alois Alzheimer in 1905 (Selkoe, 2016). 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Main Theories of Aggression Free Essays

Outline and assess the main theories of aggression Aggression is an act of hostility with deliberate intention to harm another person against his or her will. Some psychologists believe that aggression is an important aspect of our evolutionary ancestry and it is understood better in that context, whereas others believe that aggression is best explained in physiological terms e. g. We will write a custom essay sample on Main Theories of Aggression or any similar topic only for you Order Now the imbalance of hormones or neurotransmitters in the brain. There are many definitions used to explain why humans/ animals become aggressive (http://www. essortment. com/all/whatisaggress_rxeo. tm). In the social learning theory (SLT) of aggression, Bandura (1962) suggested that the expression of aggression is learnt through social learning not ignoring the fact that the potential for the human aggression was biological. Bandura claimed that we learn specific aggressive behaviours for example, the form in which the aggression takes and how it is addressed to the target. Skinner, 1953 suggested that a child learns the aggressive behaviour through direct reinforcement while Bandura argues that a child learns by observing role models indirectly. Moreover, the SLT can be used to explain other behaviours such as eating disorders, personality etc. Research carried out by Phillip (1986) suggested the daily homicide rate in the US almost increased in the following of a major boxing match this suggested that the viewers were imitating the behaviour they watched from their ‘role models’. This clear shows that the SLT can also be used to explain the behaviour of both the children and adults. This is because aggressive behaviour is witnessed at home and at school as well as through the media i. . reading books, watching television and listening to a certain type of music. By observing the consequences of other’s actions, children learn the aggressive behaviour indirectly. This whole process is known as the ‘vicarious reinforcement’ whereby a child learns the likely outcome of the aggressive behaviour and from that observation; they obtain the behaviour that is considered appropriate. Not only does a c hild learn the behaviour but the child also observes if the behaviour is worth repeating. In the future, the child is likely to repeat the behaviour when the expectation of a reward is greater than the expectations of being punished (Bandura, 1962). Looking at the Bobo doll studies, Bandura et al found that children who watched an aggressive model became more aggressive and imitated the behaviour portrayed by the model. This is clear evidence to support the SLT for the fact a child learnt the aggressive behaviour by observing the ‘role’ model. On the other hand, the aggression was imposed towards a ‘doll’ affecting the reliability of the conclusion because this was a ‘still’ figure that could not use self-defence. As a result to this, Bandura repeated the study using a film of woman hitting a live clown, therefore this influenced the children to also hit a live clown when given the opportunity. This can explain the cultural differences, for the fact that societies such as the US are highly violent compared to other pygmies of central Africa who manage to live in cooperative friendliness (Aronson, 1999). These findings could be explained by the differences due to social learning whereby the different societies influence the behaviour of the two cultures. However, people also react differently in term of different situations because aggressive behaviour is rewarded in certain situations than others (i. e. Competitive sports such rugby, boxing etc. ). The appropriate behaviour is learnt for particular situations. Moreover, aggression could also be explained as a result of the loss of personal identity this could be due to the relative anonymity of being in a crowd or wearing a uniform. The Stanford Prison Experiment illustrates this effect; this is whereby Zimbardo showed how the guards who were deindividuated by mirrored glasses and uniforms behaved aggressively towards the prisoners. The Stanford Prison Experiment is an empirical support for the deindividuated theory because it shows how the behaviour of the ‘normal’ students changed after they had been assigned to adopt the role of guards. However, the brutality could be explained in terms of the perceived social roles because they were not shown the exact way that the ‘actual’ guards behaved. Psychologist Zimbardo believes that deindividuated people are likely to behave aggressively because the loss of a sense in the individual can lead to reduced self- restraint. This in turn leads to impulsive and deviant behaviour and a less concern over negative evaluation from others. Being anonymous in a crowd has the psychological consequence of reducing restraints and increasing behaviours that are usually inhibited. Prentice- Dunn and Rogers (1982) suggested that an increase in aggressive behaviour following deindividuation might be caused by the reduced privacy rather than public self- awareness, i. . becoming less self-aware rather than being anonymous to others. A problem for the theory is that deindividuation does not always lead to aggression, and may actually lead to pro-social behaviour. In a meta- analysis of 60 studies of deindividuation, Postmes and Spears (1998) found that deindividuation does not always lead to aggression for example, an individual part of an angry mo b is likely to behave aggressively while a member of a peace rally is likely to become to peaceful. This clearly shows that frustration leads to aggression. Frustration determines whether aggression is effective in that situation. Dollard et al (1939) outlined the frustration-aggression theory suggesting that frustration leads to aggression and that aggression is forced by the aggression. Therefore, aggression is the consequence of generalised physiological arousal. How to cite Main Theories of Aggression, Papers

The Uses of Poverty The Poor Pay All Reflection Essay Example

The Uses of Poverty: The Poor Pay All Reflection Essay The uses of Poverty: The Poor Pay All, was enlightened to read about the social phenomenon of poverty that I had never come across. For example, how the poor buy goods others do not want and thus prolong the economic usefulness, is an ingenious way to put the unique situation that is addressed in this essay. Although Gangs is using satire to poke playfully at the rich for looking down upon the poor, I conceived from it that both sides need to open their eyes. When people view this essay, they understand it as something thats meant to hurt the or, but if you closely read between the lines, it is pointing fingers on both sides, and in the end has a solution for everyone. As we discussed in class, Gangs comes off as striping the empathy for the poor by the facts that he provides. But if you think about it, why would he come so strongly and hold nothing back with a cold, hard truth, If he werent trying to say something to the poor and the rich? The fact that half of his essay Is antagonizing the poor Is something that should be thoroughly observed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses of Poverty: The Poor Pay All Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses of Poverty: The Poor Pay All Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Uses of Poverty: The Poor Pay All Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As I was reading It myself, I thought hat this was a tactic so that the poor can get up and do something for themselves so that they are not always in the position described in the essay. As far as people were saying in class about how this essay would only be read by the rich, may not necessarily hold up because anyone can get a hold of this essay. Its meant for the public eye, so Im pretty sure Gangs knew someone poor out there would read this and probably get a clue as to how society views them and probably do something about it. There have been many success stories about people from poor art whove made it past the point of some people who were born with a silver spoon in their mouth. Hard work and dedication goes a long way, and with a little motivation from this article, almost nothing Is Impossible. My father was born In the village and hardly had any clothes to wear but he worked hard enough that he earned a scholarship all the way from Zanzibar, Africa to the united States. He earned a full ride to Emory university where he earned his degree In computers Technology, and he is now a proud business owner of a computer shop. My point with this little anecdote is that, sure, people may be poor and may not have the same resources that the wealthy have, but success doesnt come from what you have. It comes from what you make of what you have. This is a little beside the point of this essay, but maybe thats what Gangs was trying to aim at. Readers, who take this essay offensively, should really take a step back and Just think of how much opportunities that have been given to poor, such as welfare, free education, and so on. Is this not enough to get you started so you can dig yourself out of the hole that you may or may not have been born In? There are situations where, of course, you cant be successful in school because of family reasons, but most people become accustomed to that, and theres really nothing more the wealthy can do. Also, some of the rich cant help that theyre rich. Mind you, money doesnt grow on trees. Its something that people shouldnt be maligned either because of what they were born with. And some people cant stay rich forever, so they work hard to maintain that money. They should be applauded for their work and success, not be treated any differently Just because they have more money than the usual. Also, many of the rich people give to charity and try to help the poor. Theres only so much the rich can do to help the less. Those in need should meet the rich half way and do something to get out of the situation theyre in. On the other hand, Just because someone is poor doesnt mean theyre not content or happy about it. This argument can be referred to gypsies or hippies who happily choose to live a life with less than society believes they should have. This roof of people should be taken special note to because they are a prime example that less is more. We should not categorize everyone into the two terms of poverty or wealthy because some people are Just simply living; not to make money, and not to live by societys rules. Therefore, they should not be maligned for their life choices either. On a last note, when Gangs discusses the acts of sexual, alcoholic, narcotic, and it is a completely false statement because if anything, the rich tend to engage more in those activities, simply because they have the resources to do so. As an example, take a look at The Wolf of Wall Street. It is a bio fiction of a rich legend on Wall Street who gets involved in all of the activities listed above. Why? He had the money. Not only should the poor be blamed for these behaviors, but also the affluent because such activities are performed almost equally on both sides. All in all, Gangs has a point in pointing out the wrongs in our society but no social status should burden any other social status or should they be forced to help people who might not even need help.

The Confessional Poetry by Robert Lowell

The Confessional Poetry by Robert Lowell Free Online Research Papers M. L. Rosenthal ‘first applied the term confession to Robert Lowell’s work’ (1). One definition of what makes a poem ‘confessional’ is offered by Irving Howe, who argues that a ‘confessional poem would seem to be one in which the writer speaks to the reader, telling him, without the mediating presence of imagined event or persona, something about his life’. (2) The first poem that was called ‘confessional’ was Snodgrass’ ‘Heart’s Needle’, which ‘provided a model of truthfulness’. (3) Before then, the subject matter of poetry implicitly included little of the poet’s private life, instead focusing upon public issues using a detached persona. The new ‘confessional’ poems removed the mask that poets had been hiding behind and provided an insight into the private lives of the poets. However, upon close study it is clear to recognize the differences as well as similarities between the ‘confessional poets’ and their poems. The label ‘confessional poetry’ over-simplifies and undervalues the nature of the poetry of Lowell, Sexton and Plath. While these poems frequently engage in what is repressed, hidden and falsified, defining them as ‘confessional’ undermines the creative ability of the writer to construct a persona or imaginary scenario that is separate from their lives. Critics have argued whether or not the poems of Lowell, Sexton and Plath are ‘confessional’. M. L. Rosenthal argued that Plath was a ‘confessional’ poet because she ‘followed Lowell’s autobiographical method in Life Studies.’ (4) Likewise, Edward Butscher argues that ‘Plath’s confessionalism was the ultimate goal of her poetic career.’ (5) Howe also describes Plath’s ‘Lady Lazarus’ as a ‘confessional’ poem because it discusses her recurrent suicide attempts. Nevertheless, Howe criticizes much of Plath’s poetry for being self-indulgent, describing ‘Daddy’ as a ‘revenge fantasy’ rather than ‘confessional’. (6) Howe separates Plath from the ‘confessional’ category because he claims that she has ‘abandoned the sense of audience’ in favor of self-indulgence. (7) In stark contrast to this, Rosenblatt argues that while Pla th’s later poems were influenced by life experiences, her poetry does not depend on its confessional nature. Rosenblatt states that while these poems ‘begin with an autobiographical situation’ they ‘exist by themselves and can be read and understood in most cases without biographical information.’ Rather than directly using her experience in the poems, Plath frequently uses ‘elements from her experience as the starting point for imagistic and thematic elaborations.’ (8) In her earlier poems, Plath appeared to repress certain themes that were influential on the imagery of her poems. Later, however, Sylvia ‘begins to tell the truth.’ (9) For instance, in ‘The Colossus’ Plath presents the image of her father, but not the full extent of her feelings toward him, which are revealed in ‘Daddy’. While she both loves and hates her father in ‘The Colossus’, it is in ‘Daddy’ that Plath unleashes her hatred upon him. Expanding on the reality of her experience, Plath’s persona is at conflict with her father because he is German, and she is a Jew. Robert Phillips’ argument that ‘Daddy’ is ‘a poem of total rejection’ (10) is reinforced by Plath’s lines ‘Daddy, I have had to kill you.’ (11) However, more controversially, it has been argued that Plath is sexually obsessed with her father. Some critics have suggested that the ‘black shoeà ¢â‚¬â„¢ in which she has ‘lived like a foot’ (12) is a phallic symbol that proves her incestuous desires. In the poem, Plath moves from desiring her father, fearing him, to hating him. The suggestion of incest is embellished in Plath’s implication that she married a man just like her father: I made a model of you, A man in black with a Meinkampf look and a love of the rack and the screw. And I said I do, I do. (13) This reference appears to apply to Plath in her statement that she was married to this man for seven years. However, just as her relationship with Ted is over, Plath tells her father: ‘Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through.’ (14) Like in ‘Daddy’, Plath addresses a German ‘Herr’ in ‘Lady Lazarus’, where she addresses the hidden theme of suicide. Plath’s use of first person narration implies that it is her who has ‘done it again’. (15) Like Sexton, Plath frankly admits that this is not her first suicide attempt – ‘This is Number Three’. (16) However, at the end of the poem the speaker undergoes a rebirth that enables her to ‘eat men like air.’ (17) In comparison, Plath explains the oppressive treatment that women receive in society in her poem, ‘The Applicant’. Like Sexton, Plath is tired of domestic servitude and the emphasis that is placed upon women’s appearance. Plath emphasizes that a person will not be accepted by society unless they are ‘our sort of person’. (18) The purpose of a woman is to ‘do whatever you tell it’ or to ‘marry it’. (19) Plath points out the patronizing treatment of women with her line ‘Come here, sweetie’, showing that a woman is treated like a dog, or a ‘living doll’ rather than an independent human being. (20) The qualities that are valued in women are sewing, cooking and talking, as well as the obvious requirement of looking attractive. Critics often make the mistake of claiming that the voice of Anne Sexton’s poems is hers, rather than an invented persona. As Sexton said, in a radio interview with Macbeth, facts ‘â€Å"are very unimportant things, there to make you believe in the emotional content in a poem†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. (21) In order to be effective, the voice of Sexton’s poems ‘must likewise be both a selection (an aspect of the whole person who is writing) and an artifice, shaped and ordered to suit the needs of the poem.’ (22) Anne Sexton provides proof of her use of personas, stating that she ‘would alter any word, attitude, image or persona for the sake of a poem.’ (23) Sexton claims that distorting the truth ‘made a better poem’. (24) What is typically ‘confessional’ about Sexton’s work is its handling of taboo or shocking subjects that were not traditionally discussed in poetry before the so-called ‘confessional poets’. These taboo subjects such as mental breakdowns, suicide, marital problems and incest were themselves hidden from poetry in the past. Sexton’s poems engaged in what was ‘repressed, hidden, or falsified’ from an early stage in poems such as ‘In the Beach House’, which associated her parents’ lovemaking, ‘the royal strapping’, with a beating she had received from her father. (25) However, Anne Sexton’s recurring themes were further expanded upon throughout her poetry so that any repressed feelings were finally revealed. Repression was a key theme for Sexton, which is reinforced by the comments of Robin Becker a former student of Sexton’s, who explained how Sexton used to ‘â€Å"unrepressed†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ the class. (26) What remained repressed for Sexton was her memories of sexual abuse, whether real or imagined. While her friends believe that Sexton was sexually abused, her therapist, Dr. Orne, believed that it was a false memory. However, Sexton’s preoccupation with incest is clear in many of her poems including ‘The Truth the Dead know’, ‘Flee on Your Donkey’ and ‘In the Beach House’. In ‘The Death of the Fathers’, Sexton suggests incest in her description of dancing with her father. The innocent dance is perverted with the image of ‘The serpent, that mocker, woke up and pressed against me’. (27) As well as repressed images of sexual feelings toward her father, Sexton’s poems imply an unnatural relationship with her mother. Sexton reported to her psychiatrist, repressed memories of her mother’s genital inspections, which left her feeling ashamed and humiliated. While this theme is not overtly explored in her poems, Sexton implies hostility toward her mother in many of her poems. If the themes of insanity, suicide, marital discord and incest had been hidden from society, Sexton tackled these themes vigorously and forced people to acknowledge them. In an interview with Barbara Kevles, Sexton admitted: ‘ Recently I noticed in â€Å"Flee on Your Donkey† that I had used some of the same facts in To Bedlam and Part Way Back, but I hadn’t realized them in their total ugliness. I’d hidden from them.’ (28) In Sexton’s poem ‘Live’, she mentions her time in a mental hospital by referring to ‘my hospital shift’. (29) Sexton offers the reasons for her mental breakdown, blaming her suicidal tendencies and the pressures of her family: a husband straight as a redwood, two daughters, two sea urchins, picking roses off my hackles. If I’m on fire they dance around it and cook marshmallows (30) Domesticity depresses the character most likely to be Sexton herself because she feels used by her husband and children. Sexton admits what the critics always highlight ‘People don’t like to be told / that you’re sick’. (31) However, Sexton is more upbeat in this poem when she mocks ‘Even crazy, I’m as nice/ as a chocolate bar.’ (32) More overtly suicidal is Sexton’s ‘Wanting to Die’ in which she claims that ‘suicides have a special language.’ (33) In this poem, the character states that ‘Twice I have so simply declared myself, / have possessed the enemy, eaten the enemy’. (34) While she realizes that ‘Death’s a sad Bone’, she is drawn to it ‘year after year’. (35) Like Robert Lowell’s poems about marital breakdown, which arguably influenced Sexton, Sexton also wrote a poem called ‘Man and Wife’. Aside from the pressures that Sexton feels from her children, the character of ‘Man and Wife’ feels isolated from her husband. Although they are married, they ‘do not even know each other’. (36) There is a sense that they are forced to stay together, out of obligation, like ‘A soldier is forced to stay with a soldier / because they share the same dirt’. (37) However, a sense of love is expressed in the lines ‘Oh darling, / we gasp in unison beside our window pane’. (38) This poem emphasizes the complex nature of human relationships. Previously, before the confessional poets, marital discord would have found little, if any, expression in poetry. What had been absent from poetry as well as society was an insight into the lives of women. Sexton took this hidden aspect of life and presented it in her poems. When All My Pretty Ones was published, it was Sexton’s ‘direct treatment of the female body in such poems as â€Å"The Operation† that attracted the interest of reviewers.’ (39) However, certain male reviewers could not cope with these frank ‘confessions that involved the emotional and bodily functions of women. For example, James Dickey criticised Anne Sexton for dwelling on ‘the pathetic and disgusting aspects of bodily experience’. (40) An engagement with what has been ‘falsified’ for Sexton is explicit in her confession that untruthfulness was a ‘legitimate characteristic of her self-representation’. (41) Sexton admits that she falsified the experiences in her poems, for example, mentioning only one daughter, changing the number of visits to metal institutions, and referring to her brother that she did not have. In an interview with William Heyen and Al Poulin in September 1973, Sexton said: I remember Ralph Mills talking about my dead brother whom I’ve written about. And I met Ralph and I said, â€Å"Ralph,† â€Å"Ralph, I had no brother, but then didn’t we all have brothers who died in that war?†But I write my brother, and of course he believes it I should say â€Å"Excuse me, folks, but no brother,† but that would kind of ruin the poem (42) Even what seems like a personal experience that Sexton is confessing can be an imagined scenario, used for dramatic effect. As Dr. Orne suggested, Sexton’s memories of child abuse may have been invented ‘when she was reading and writing about incest’. (43) Indeed, Sexton has admitted to committing â€Å"truth crimes† during her therapy sessions. (44) However, whether true or not, the stories of incest allowed Sexton to explore a taboo subject. Howe argues that the poetry of Lowell is confessional because the â€Å"I† ‘really did mean his private self, not a persona created for the poem’s occasion.’ (45) Patrick Cosgrove argues that Lowell is not a confessional poet but the label ‘confessional’ ‘revealed an essential part of the way in which Lowell, and the critics and commentators who admire him, thought about their –and man’s – place in the world of affairs.’ (46) That is, Lowell’s poems were viewed as confessional because his personal thoughts reflected what was occurring in society. In the same way, people assumed that Lowell was telling the truth, which was inevitably his truth, not the views of a persona. As Williams stated, ‘â€Å"There is no lying permitted to a man who writes that way.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (47) Lowell himself encouraged the ‘confessional’ label when he asserted that Life Studies was ‘â€Å"about direct experience, and not symbols†; it tells his â€Å"personal story and memories.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (48) While his old poems hid what they were about, his new ‘confessional’ poems expressed private, hidden thoughts. However, this new personal style was criticized by critics such as Desales Standerwick, who found the subject matter ‘â€Å"embarrassing.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (49) Despite his criticism of Sexton, Rosenthal praised Lowell for removing the mask and emerging as ‘â€Å"the damned speaking-sensibility of the world.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (50) What is unique about Lowell is that he grounds his personal poetry in the hidden past of the Lowell family he focuses on ‘the family disgraces, tensions, neuroses, and failures.’ (51) The hidden past is valuable to Lowell for what it has to teach us about the present. In particular, his nervous breakdowns are caused by memories from his past that haunt him. However, unlike other ‘confessional’ poets, Lowell also explores the consequences of the past in modern society. In many of his poems Lowell criticizes the behavior of his ancestors and blames them for the decay of society. In ‘Skunk Hour’, Lowell criticizes the corrupt society, ‘the season’s ill’, which is responsible for his ‘ill-spirit’, when he confesses ‘My mind’s not right.’ (52)He points out the negative effects of the American Dream by criticizing the materialistic urge that has replaced love: There is no money in his work, he’d rather marry. (53) Without the presence of love, greedy lust is expressed in Lowell’s description of ‘love-cars’ that ‘lay together, hull to hull’. (54) Even lust is represented in terms of the acquisition of wealth with the image of two cars being intimate. The worthlessness of this lust is resonated through the car radio that ‘bleats / â€Å"Love, O careless Love.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (55) As Axelrod argues, in the modern world ‘all is abnormality, self-assertion, ugliness, violence, madness, and monstrosity.’ (56) The only positive image is that of the skunks who are repulsive, but strong enough to survive because they ‘will not scare’. (57) As well as attacking materialism, Lowell controversially opposed the war and was jailed consequently. His poem ‘Memories of West Street and Lepke’ describes his experiences in prison and defines Lowell as ‘a fire-breathing Catholic C.O.’ (58) What is ‘repressed’ in Lowell’s poetry is memories of his family, such as in ‘My Last Afternoon with Uncle Devereux Winslow’, where Lowell reveals ‘the family conflicts and failures normally kept politely hidden.’ (59) In this poem, he remembers the repressed memory of his Grandfather as ‘manly, comfortable, / overbearing, disproportioned’ (60) and his reluctance to be with his parents. As Axelrod emphasizes, the effect of Lowell’s terror at family disputes culminates in his ‘mental collapse as an adult.’ (61) While he portrays his family as intimidating here, he condemns his ancestors more freely in ‘For the Union Dead’. Another theme that is usually hidden from society is that of marital breakdowns. In several poems, Lowell discusses the failure of relationships. In ‘Man and Wife’, Lowell contrasts the romantic early phases of a relationship, characterized by the statement ‘All night I’ve held your hand’ (62), with the stale relationship of the present. Twelve years later, the loveless marriage is characterized by his wife’s ‘old-fashioned tirade’ that ‘breaks like the Atlantic Ocean’ (63) on the head of her husband. This theme is followed up in ‘â€Å"To Speak of Woe That Is in Marriage†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, which is narrated by the wife. In it, there is the threat that ‘This screwball might kill his wife.’ (64) Like Sexton and Plath, Lowell also falsified his experience, what he called ‘â€Å"tinkering with the fact,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (65) in order to make dramatic effect. What was important to Lowell was that the reader ‘â€Å"was to believe he was getting the real Robert Lowell.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (66) For example, In ‘My Last Afternoon’ Lowell only presents the details that he would like the reader to know. He feels free to embellish the truth about setting and personality to make the description sound convincing. The ‘confessional’ poets engage in what is ‘repressed, hidden or falsified’ in response to a literary tradition that excludes personal experience. Whether or not the voice of the poem belongs to the poet, the poems express universal themes that until recently were absent from poetry. Research Papers on The Confessional Poetry by Robert LowellMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Bringing Democracy to AfricaIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsCapital Punishment

The Archaeology of Ancient Peru and Central Andes

The Archaeology of Ancient Peru and Central Andes Ancient Peru traditionally corresponds to the South American area of the Central Andes, one of the archaeological macro-areas of South America archaeology. Beyond encompassing all Peru, the Central Andes reach toward the  north, the border with Ecuador, westward the lake Titicaca basin in Bolivia, and south the border with Chile. The amazing ruins of the Moche, Inca, Chimà º, along with Tiwanaku in Bolivia, and the early sites of Caral and Paracas, among many others, make the Central Andes probably the most studied area of all South America. For a long time, this interest in Peruvian archaeology has been at the expense of other South American regions, affecting not only our knowledge about the rest of the continent but also the connections of the Central Andes with other areas. Fortunately, this trend is now reversing, with archaeological projects focusing on all South American regions and their reciprocal relations. Central Andes Archaeological Regions The Andes obviously represent the most dramatic and important landmark of this sector of South America. In ancient times, and to some extent, in the present, this chain shaped the climate, the economy, the communication system, the ideology and religion of its inhabitants. For this reason, archaeologists have subdivided this region into different zones from north to south, each separated into coast and highland. Central Andes Culture Areas Northern Highlands: it includes the valley of the Maraà ±on river, the Cajamarca valley, Callejon de Huaylas (where the important site of Chavin de Huantar is located, and home of the Recuay culture) and Huanuco valley; North Coast: Moche, Viru, Santa and Lambayeque valleys. This subarea was the heart of the Moche culture and the Chimu kingdom.Central Highlands: Mantaro, Ayacucho (where the site of Huari is located) valleys; Central Coast: Chancay, Chillon, Supe, and Rimac valleys. This subarea  was strongly influenced by the Chavin culture and has important Preceramic and Initial period sites.Southern Highlands: Apurimac and Urubamba valley (site of Cuzco), the heartland of the Inca empire during the Late Horizon period; Southern Coast: Paracas peninsula, Ica, Nazca valleys. The South coast was the center of the Paracas culture, famous for its multicolor textiles and pottery, of the Ica pottery style, as well as the Nazca culture with its polychrome pottery and enigmatic geoglyph s.Titicaca Basin: Highland region at the border between Peru and Bolivia, around the lake Titicaca. An important site of Pucara, as well as the famous Tiwanaku (also spelled as Tiahuanaco). Far South: This includes the area at the  border between Peru and Chile and the region of Arequipa and Arica, with the important burial site of Chinchorro in northern Chile. The Central Andean population were densely settled into villages, large towns, and cities on the coast as well as in the highlands. People were divided into distinct social classes since very early times. Important to all ancient Peruvian societies was ancestor worship, often manifested through ceremonies involving mummy bundles. Central Andes Interrelated Environments Some archaeologists use for ancient Peru culture history the term â€Å"vertical archipelago† to emphasize how important was for people living in this region the combination of highland and coastal products. This archipelago of different natural zones, moving from the coast (west) to the inland regions and the mountains (east), provided abundant and different resources. This mutual dependence on different environmental zones that make up the Central Andean region is also visible in the local iconography, which since very early times featured animals, like felines, fish, serpents, birds coming from different areas such as the desert, the ocean, and the jungle. Central Andes and Peruvian Subsistence Basic to the Peruvian subsistence, but available only through exchange between different zones, were products such as maize, potatoes, lima beans, common beans, squashes, quinoa, sweet potatoes, peanuts, manioc, chili peppers, avocados, along with cotton (probably the first domesticated plant in South America), gourds, tobacco and coca. Important animals were camelids such as domesticated llamas and wild vicuà ±a, alpaca and guanaco, and guinea pigs. Important Sites Chan Chan, Chavin de Huantar, Cusco, Kotosh, Huari, La Florida, Garagay, Cerro Sechà ­n, Sechà ­n Alto, Guitarrero Cave, Pukara, Chiripa, Cupisnique, Chinchorro, La Paloma, Ollantaytambo, Macchu Pichu, Pisaq, Recuay, Gallinazo, Pachacamac, Tiwanaku, Cerro Baul, Cerro Mejia, Sipan, Caral, Tampu Machay, Caballo Muerto Complex, Cerro Blanco, Paà ±amarca, El Brujo, Cerro Galindo, Huancaco, Pampa Grande, Las Haldas, Huanuco Pampa, Lauricocha, La Cumbre, Huaca Prieta, Piedra Parada, Aspero, El Paraiso, La Galgada, Cardal, Cajamarca, Cahuachi, Marcahuamachuco, Pikillaqta, Sillustani, Chiribaya, Cinto, Chotuna, Batan Grande, Tucume. Sources Isbell William H. and Helaine Silverman, 2006, Andean Archaeology III. North and South. Springer Moseley, Michael E., 2001, The Inca and their Ancestor. The Archaeology of Peru. Revised Edition, Thames and Hudson

Evaluation report Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluation report - Personal Statement Example The coordination role involved communicating with the facilitators and the entire relevant department in immersion programs. After development of immersion programs such as the dual immersion program, monitoring and evaluation of the program effectiveness are carried out. Monitoring involves the evaluation of student participation in the programs and individual achievement of the students (Baker 23). Participatory evaluation was conducted by the use of team activities and personal reflections on every task undertaken. As a coordinator, I evaluated individual student participation through roll call and attendance registers. The evaluation of effectiveness was done in cooperation with the facilitators. The monitoring process was successful, and the program recorded an improvement in language proficiency of the learners. In terms of offering logistical support, the purchases of relevant materials have been done on time with the focus being on effective administration of the designed program. The inclusion of immersion outreach programs and visitation to other ISO immersion centers. Additionally, the designing of the programs and plans was undertaken after serious consultation with all stakeholders. The logistical challenges associated with immersion programs have been considerably reduced through interactive program development. The development of the isolation immersion program facilitates simulation of the real life activities with the language learnt. The program takes up to three days and involves the use of one language strictly. As a coordinator, the development of plans and participation in the Isolation immersion program with the students is vital. The designing of isolation immersion program entails designing planning and execution of the set plan (Baker 121). As coordinator, I organized a number of three day immersion events for students

Self Esteem of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties within a Essay

Self Esteem of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties within a Secondary School - Essay Example The examination explores theoretical and practical ideas about self esteem among dyslexic learners and makes conclusions based on data gathered through students self-assessment and standardized beginning and end assessment tests. The investigation demonstrates that there is a correlation between the Wave 3 Literacy Intervention Programme and the increase in self-esteem of special learners with dyslexia. After a 10-week programme, majority of the students obtained an average ratio of 3.1 which is the desired outcome for the project. The value of Wave 3 Literacy Intervention is thereby established, while looking forward to revisions by way of enriching the intervention programme, especially for special learners who have undergone the programme several times. Introduction â€Å"I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel.† Maya Angelou. This quote, for me, sums up the important position t eachers have and the potential influence they have on their students. I may not be a Socrates, Confucius or Jesus, but I do feel I am a great teacher when I can touch hearts and will, in addition to imparting knowledge and skills to prepare a generation of learners for constructive contemporary living. In this present research activity, I become privileged to teach special learners suffering dyslexia. Soon enough, I face the reality that dyslexics find the school an unpredictable battleground in which they are unskilled to exist ( Scott 2004, p. 55). More particularly, Scott notes that ‘for the vast majority of dyslexic children and adults, school has been a place of psychological and often physical torture. Dyslexia is described as a learning disability in children which hinders their ability to read, write, spell and sometimes speak. Manifested to be either mild or severe in children, neurologists perceive that it is â€Å"never too late to improve their language skillsâ₠¬  (Medicine Net 2012, p.1). Many, although not all, of my specific learning difficulty students come to me burdened with self esteem issues, feeling that they have already failed too many times and fearful that they are about to fail again. While empathy fills me with their suffering, I do not see this condition to be insurmountable, given my awareness of modern approaches to student learning and maturation. At school, failure in literacy has huge knock-on effects for the whole academic curriculum and with all subjects. Failing to read and write is a very public failure (Scott, 2004). Any student with limited proficiency in English including specific disabilities related to literacy runs the risk of being left behind by his or her peers. This brief investigation into the effectiveness of Wave 3 interventions and their potential in raising the self esteem of students is borne not only out of my university studies but a genuine interest in dyslexic students, their need to be heard a nd how I can best serve them through my practice. It is obvious to me that a student’s self esteem has a direct impact on their learning. Educators define learning as â€Å"a long term change in mental representations or associations as a result of experience† (Omrod 2000, p. 10). As a school teacher I can provide that learning

A Critical Analysis Of Machiavellis The Prince Philosophy Essay

A Critical Analysis Of Machiavellis The Prince Philosophy Essay You have got to be cruel to be kind. Would this be an adequate summary of Machiavellis advice on cruelty? If so, why? If not, why? How does his advice on cruelty reflect his beliefs about politics? In the Prince, Machiavelli explores the world of governments and rulers and comes up with revolutionary ideas for a prince to acquire the leading position in the government and maintain his authority and leadership. However, the philosopher does not teach the ruler to be good and just; he aim is to provide the governor with practical applications of being a great prince but not a good one. Machiavelli focuses on evil features more because they would help to advance the power of the prince. In his book, it does not seem that an evil or cruel behavior is an unacceptable one, as he alters the moral vocabulary about vice and good. In the book, Machiavelli starts with his dedication to Lorenzo de Medici and finishes it with an assertion that Italy must revive and gain considerable power. Therefore, it is hard for me to judge if the philosopher was concerned with acquiring a better vocation or with genuine patriotic feelings that were expressed in his attempt to call for dramatic action. Y et, I will argue that in terms of Machiavelli a potential ruler has to pretend to be an old prince-the one that is familiar with the experiences of his predecessors-and act as if he is kind. This pretence makes a cruel prince a kind one and preserves his glory and prosperity of a state, which are supposed to be the aims of the ruler. In chapter fifteen, Machiavelli states that Many have imagined republics and principalities that have never been seen or known to exist in truth. For it is far from how one lives to how one should live. That he who lets go of what is done for what should be done learns his ruin rather than his preservation (p. 54). The passage hints to the Platos Republic, in which the he reports that the philosopher kings should govern society. The governors have to be good and just and they must help their subjects to maintain the purity of their souls and also be good. In the Prince, a ruler should read historical works, especielly for the light they shed on the actions of eminent men to imitate some eminent man, worthy of praise and glory (p. 51). However, Machiavelli is interested an actual truth of the matter and not the utopia of it. He compares a prince to a prophet, which does not necessarily mean that the he has divine knowledge; instead it gives them exceptional responsibilities like law m aking and shaping opinions that govern our lives. Thereby, Machiavellis prophetic prince has philosophers features as he tries to reform human opinion over the justice and evil; he acts as if he is good, but does not have to be good. To back up his conclusions, Machiavelli comes up with extreme examples such as Romulus and Cains murders of Remus and Abel respectfully. These murders were the fundaments of the societies and, therefore, the philosopher asserts that no good is possible without evil. Thus he redefines Platos ideas of the philosopher kings who approach pure reason to be good and just; instead, Machiavelli gives examples of extraordinary situations and draws the morality that would perfectly fit the situation. Also, he reforms the meaning of the word virtà ¹: a prince can act in an evil fashion, as fortune and circumstances [would] dictate (p. 23) in the chapter thirteen, he gives an example of the biblical story of David and Goliath. In the initial story, David is armed with a sling only; but, the philosopher also gives him a knife. This detail hints that the Gods promise is not enough and David would be safer with an additional secret weapon. This additional detail is a metaphor, which implies that the prince has to propagandize proper religious views; on the other hand, he has to use a certain extent of cruelty and be utterly self-reliant to achieve desirable outcomes. Self-realization, courage, and ruthlessness are the qualities that contribute to the effective exercise of power, which is a touchstone of political success. As Machiavelli puts it all the armed prophets conquered and the unarmed were ruined (p. 20). To describe the genuine prince, Machiavelli comes up with a metaphor of a beast. In chapter eighteen, he writes that there are two ways of contesting, the one by the law, the other by force; the first method is proper to men, the second to beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, it is necessary to have recourse to the secondà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ it is necessary for a prince to understand how to avail himself of the beast and the man (p.62) Since in the Machiavellian theory the princes goal is to seek glory, the ruler has to be lucky. The luck or Fortuna is opposite to reason; it favors those who act or the brave. The Fortuna has to be mastered and, therefore, it requires a reservoir of force to master. Also, the deceit is, as Machiavelli puts it, a good quality. He exemplifies this with an Italian proverb Alexander never did what he said, Cesare never said what he did (p. 35). Following the winds of fortune, power, and deception, one would be conferred with glory. The p hilosopher is a pure consequentialist, as he justifies anything that is necessary to preserve the glory of his state and his own fame. The Machiavellian virtue is not the same with the Christian values. Thus, the duplicity of the prince and his behaviors are praised throughout the book and are perfectly excusable for the eventual purposes. To underline an exemplary behavior of the prince, Machiavelli gives an example of Cesares policies in chapter seven. When the duke had taken over the Romana, he found it had been commanded by impotent lords who had been readier to despoil their subjects than to correct them and had given their subjects matter for disunion, not union (p. 23). Cesare sends a lieutenant to that area who reduced it to peace and unity with the very greatest reputation for himself (p.23 ). However, Cesare did not want to have strong local government. Thus he set up court with wise civil authority that would judge and advocate each citizen from the lawlessness of his minister. And having seized this opportunity, he had emplaced one morning in the piazza in two pieces, with a piece of wood and a bloody knife beside him. He had him cut in two; the bloody knife and piece of wood beside him. Machiavelli concludes that the ferocity of this spectacle left the people at once satisfied and stupefied (p.23). The pri ncely virtà ¹ leaves people content and fooled. In chapter fifteen on the things for which man, and especially rulers, are praised or blamed, Machiavelli reflects on the very basic assertions of morality and virtues. He states that a ruler who wishes to maintain his power must be prepared to act immorally when this becomes necessary (p. 55). Thus the prince has to do what is generally done and not what he ought to do (p. 54). In other words, the chapter teaches the ways of not being good (in Platos meaning of the word). To affects the norms of everyday life, the prince had to learn how to manipulate the religion skillfully. In chapter eighteen, the philosopher states that the ruler has to be utterly religious. The prince should appear all mercy, all faith, all honesty, all humanity and all religion (p. 62) the pretence to be a genuine Christian is helpful for creating an appropriate public image; however, the actual practice of its values is evidently dangerous. In the Republic, Socrates states that it is better to be just then to seem just. The princes morale goes against the passage in the book, which teaches how to be good, as one cannot be good without being just. Considering the metaphor of the prince who reconciles a man and a beast, the man is a humble and submissive Christian, the beast in its turn is capable of performing courageous and bold actions. In Machiavellian opinion, Christianity should not constrain any political activity. The matters of government should be solely secular. The philosopher strives to create a new type of republic, which would deal only with practical issues and without asserting any transcendental moral law. As a scholar Steven Smith asserts, not only did Machiavelli bring a new worldliness to politics, he also introduced a new kind of populismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ as Plato and Aristotle imagined aristocratic republics that would invest power in an aristocracy of education and virtue, Machiavelli deliberately seeks to enlist the power of the people against aristocracies of education and virtue. To maintain this kind of state, the republic has to have imperialistic ambitions and consequently be aggressive. Interestingly, the Machiavellian republic concerns only with practical worldly affairs; however, its the philosophers imaginary project or theoretical suggestion of his form of government. The new type of morality is a foundation for this reign. Thus, Machiavellian prince always has to pretend to be a man, but be a beast if needed. Altering the hypostasis, the brave ruler masters the fortune and gains glory for himself and his state. The philosophers morality asserts that the prince does not have to be good; instead he has to manage to be religious and pure on the public eye, but reasonably cruel and not always trustful in the reality. He justifies the actions of the ruler with the privileges one gets from the princes constant actions to maintain the prosperous state and peaceful sleep of the citizens. Thus the prince mixes his love for the good with the skillful cruelty. Machiavellian morale highlights that the good is only possible in the context of moral evil. This a clear break w ith Plato and the Christian values and, moreover, the philosopher seeks to set free the real politics from the ecclesiastical patronage. Thereby the prince uses religion for his benefit but does not allow himself to be used by it. One can see that Machiavellian authority is self-bestowed and not granted by ethereal forces. Machiavelli grants the rule with the knife he gives to David in one of his passages, signifying that the prince has to be more self-reliant then hoping for the otherworldliness help. In the Prince, a reader can access information that used to be not available to everyone. The philosopher gives the reader a chance to come to terms with the idea that the good in politics cannot exist without a certain extend of cruelty. Moreover, when this cruelty is adequately used, it becomes a virtue that sustains the well being of the state and makes the ruler glorious. Work cited: Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Print Plato. Republic. New York: Oxford Press, 1994. Print Smith, Steven. Machiavelli, the Prince:. Yale University.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2006. Open Yale Courses. Web. 26 Feb. 2010.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  political-science/introduction-to-political-philosophy/content/sessions/   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lecture10.html>.

Knowledge and the sources provided Essay

Evacuation was both successful and unsuccessful. The Government did manage to secure its objectives of keeping children safe and keeping the war machine going without the threat of children being killed which was a successful aspect of evacuation. Although the conditions on the train were cramped and there was a lack of facilities, a vast amount of children were transported out of the cities quickly and efficiently. Most of the children who were evacuated also benefited from it although some did have bad experiences. However a major problem with evacuation was that a significant number of children either did not go or returned back to the danger-zones. Despite the government propaganda for instance the ‘How and Why’ pamphlet, which contributed to the efficient way in which children were evacuated many parents refused to allow their children to leave. In ‘Hope and Glory’ a mother agrees to evacuate her children but then becomes overcome with emotion and unable to part with her children. This was quite a common occurrence and some parents did not even consider evacuating their children due to preconceived ideas. Source E highlights this; the man being interviewed would not send his child away as he thought that † they can’t be looked after where they’re sending them†. This man, like many other citizens had preconceptions of the countryside such as â€Å"they’ve nothing there; they were starving there before the war† Many children who were evacuated returned home, some because they were unhappy and some because their parents did not see the need for them to remain there because of the ‘phoney war’ in which no bombs were dropped on cities. This meant that they would be back in danger zones, which was not a success from the government’s point of view. The actual transportation of the children was very well organised; the children were all registered in advance and were put onto the trains efficiently. Source A depicts evacuees walking to the station in London. This suggests that evacuation was well-ordered as all the children are walking in an orderly fashion; they are all smiling and a few are waving. This shows that the children were content in being evacuated. However one must take into account the fact that the source is a photograph hence it could have been staged. Source B contradicts this and suggests that evacuation was a nerve-racking experience for the children involved as they were â€Å"too afraid to talk†. The source also states that the children didn’t know where they were going; this is a negative factor as it would cause angst amongst the children and suggests disorganisation. As well as simply the organisation and official objectives behind evacuation; there are other aspects which one must consider. Many children gained a lot of new experiences and there were many long-term benefits. Some long-term benefits include broadened horizons of the children, increased understanding between classes and a raised awareness of urban poverty. Many country dwellers did not know how city children lived and evacuation was an opportunity for them to find out. Source C, an extract from ‘Carrie’s War’ by Nina Bowden highlights a misconception about evacuees as the child in the novel says † she thinks we’re poor children, too poor to afford slippers†. However this source is not really a primary source, as although it is based on reality, it is a fictitious novel. A lot of evacuees had positive experiences such as enjoying healthier, safer surroundings than the cities as well as developing a life-long love of the countryside. On the other hand some children were just treated like servants by their foster families or made to feel very unwelcome. These children experienced some of the negative factors of country life. Many of the foster families had negative experiences such as bad-mannered children or children with poor personal hygiene. These experiences are both positive and negative; although they were unpleasant, they resulted in raised awareness of urban children’s welfare. This raised awareness of poverty resulted in the introduction of the Welfare State Shortly after W. W. II. Many foster families and evacuees enjoyed the experience of evacuation and treasured memories of it for many years. The evacuees were predominantly grateful, Source D, a government advertisement suggests that the foster families were â€Å"doing a real service for the nation†; this evokes patriotism and causes people to come together and help each other, which is another positive outcome of evacuation. This advertisement encouraged people to take in evacuees thus making the arrangements easier and more orderly, increasing the successfulness of evacuation. When looking at all the evidence available to us it is clear that although evacuation was not a â€Å"great† success as there were a great deal of setbacks, such as the children who did not go and children who returned home it was quite successful as the government did secure the objective of reducing civilian casualties. Many other benefits were as a result of evacuation and it was an enlightening experience for all those concerned. There were a few negative effects for certain individuals but as a whole, this nation benefited from evacuation.

How Technology Has Changed Our Society - 1297 Words

Introduction When we look at our history, power has always been determined by those who are able to take it through physical strength. However, technology has changed that idea. It is those that have knowledge of technology that are now able to gain power. There has been a lot of debate about what technology is really doing to our society, but with power there is always responsibility. Technology is not to blame, but the ethics of those with power. Power and Control History and the evolution of human beings will tell us that we as a species have always determined power and control based on physical attributes. Charles Darwin demonstrated a theory of our evolution called â€Å"The Survival of the Fittest†, also called â€Å"The Natural Selection†, in which an animal that was equipped with the best physical attribute for that particular environment would be able to survive the conditions and pass on that physical advantage onto their off spring (O’Neil 1998). Evolution was based on this theory that our human physical condition allowed us to thrive and become superior to whose that were not as physically capable. Beyond our evolution, civilisations continued to base physical strength as a basis for power and dominance. In Greek history, even as an infant, physical strength was praised in the Spartan culture while physical weakness was condemned. Wars and battles were won by those that were stronger. The strongest of warriors were promoted to higher commands and only a strong,Show MoreRelatedHow Technology Has Changed Our Society869 Words   |  4 PagesDigital media, smart phones, computers and technology is the fastest growing concepts in our World today. They have changed the way our society does everything. Technology has made a considerable transformation in how we communicate, pay bills, check the weather and much more. Technology has made such an impact on our society today that most people won t leave home without their cell phone. 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